Cleansing compositions

ABSTRACT

A personal cleansing product comprising: 
     (a) from about 0.1% to about 20% of anionic surfactant, 
     (b) from about 0.1% to about 20% of amphoteric surfactant, 
     (c) from about 0.5% to about 25% of a vegetable oil adduct and, 
     (d) water. 
     The vegetable oil adduct can be made by Dies-Alder addition of a conjugated, elaidinized form of the vegetable oil with acrylic acid, fumaric acid or maleic anhydride. The preferred adduct is maleated soybean oil. The compositions provide excellent in-use and efficacy benefits including cleansing and lathering as well as improved mildness and skin conditioning.

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/774,684, filed on Oct.11, 1991 now abandoned.

The present invention relates to cleansing compositions. In particularit relates to foam-producing personal cleansing compositions suitablefor simultaneously cleansing and conditioning the skin and/or the hairand which may be used, for example, in the form of foam bathpreparations, shower products, skin cleansers, hand, face and bodycleansers, shampoos, etc.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Foaming cosmetic compositions must satisfy a number of criteriaincluding cleansing power, foaming properties and mildness/low irritancywith respect to the skin, hair and the ocular mucosae. Skin is made upof several layers of cells which coat and protect the keratin andcollagen fibrous proteins that form the skeleton of its structure. Theoutermost of these layers, referred to as the stratum corneum, is knownto be composed of 250Å protein bundles surrounded by 80Å thick layers.Hair similarly has a protective outer coating enclosing the hair fibrewhich is called the cuticle. Artionic surfactants can penetrate thestratum corneum membrane and the cuticle and, by delipidization destroymembrane integrity. This interference with skin and hair protectivemembranes can lead to a rough skin feel and eye irritation and mayeventually permit the surfactant to interact with the keratin and hairproteins creating irritation and loss of barrier and water retentionfunctions.

Ideal cosmetic cleansers should cleanse the skin or hair gently, withoutdefatting and/or drying the hair and skin and without irritating theocular mucosae or leaving skin taut after frequent use. Most latheringsoaps, shower and bath products, shampoos and bars fail in this respect.

Certain synthetic surfactants are known to be mild. However, a majordrawback of most mild synthetic suffactant systems when formulated forshampooing or personal cleansing is poor lather performance compared tothe highest shampoo and bar soap standards. Thus, surfactants that areamong the mildest, such as sodium lauryl glyceryl ether sulfonate,(AGS), are marginal in lather. The use of known high sudsing anionicsurfactants with lather boosters, on the other hand, can yieldacceptable lather volume and quality but at the expense of clinical skinmildness. These two facts make the surfactant selection, the lather andmildness benefit formulation process a delicate balancing act.

Despite the many years of research that have been expended by thetoiletries industry on personal cleansing, the broad mass of consumersremain dissatisfied by the mildness of present day cleansingcompositions, finding, for example, that they have to apply a separatecosmetic lotion or cream moisturizer to the skin after using a shower orbath preparation in order to maintain skin suppleness and hydration andto counteract the delipidizing effect of the cleanser.

Thus a need exists for personal cleansing products which will produce afoam which is abundant, stable and of high quality, which are effectivehair and skin cleansers, which will not dehydrate the skin or result inloss of skin suppleness, and which will provide a level of skinconditioning performance in a wash and rinse-off product whichpreviously has only been provided by a separate post-cleansing cosmeticmoisturizer.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The subject of the present invention is a foam-producing cleansingproduct suitable for personal cleansing of the skin or hair and whichmay be used as foam bath and shower products, skin cleansers andshampoos etc. According to one aspect of the invention, there isprovided a personal cleansing composition comprising:

(a) from about 0.1% to about 20% of anionic surfactant,

(b) from about 0.1% to about 20% of amphoteric suffactant,

(c) from about 0.5% to about 25% of an adduct prepared from vegetableoils containing non-conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acid esters whichare conjugated and elaidinized and then modified via Diels-Alderaddition with a member of the group consisting of acrylic acid, fumaricacid and maleic anhydride, and

(d) water,

wherein the anionic surfactant and amphoteric surfactant togethercomprise from about 0.5% to about 30% by weight of the composition, andwhere the weight ratio of anionic surfactant:amphoteric surfactant is inthe range from about 1:5 to about 20:1.

All concentrations and ratios herein are by weight of the cleansingcomposition, unless otherwise specified. Surfactant chain lengths arealso on a weight average chain length basis, unless otherwise specified.

The invention relates to a foam-producing cleansing composition withsuperior lathering characteristics (creaminess, abundance, stability)combined with excellent mildness to the skin and hair, together withgood stability, cleansing ability and conditioning performance. Theinvention also relates to a wash and rinse-off personal cleansingproduct having the above lathering, mildness and conditioning benefits.

The cleansing compositions herein are based on a combination of mildsurfactants which in general terms can be selected from anionic,amphoteric, nonionic and betaine surfactants and mixtures thereof. Thecompositions preferably comprise a mixture of anionic and amphotericsuffactants and highly preferred systems also incorporate a nonionic orbetaine surfactant. Other suitable compositions within the scope of theinvention comprise mixtures of anionic with one or more nonionic orbetaine surfactants or mixture thereof; and mixtures of amphoteric withone or more nonionic or betaine surfactants or mixture thereof. Thelevel of each of the anionic and amphoteric surfactants is generally inthe range from about 0.1% to about 20%, preferably from about 1% toabout 15%, and especially from about 3% to about 12% by weight of thecomposition. The weight ratio of anionic surfactant:amphotericsurfactant, on the other hand is generally from about 1:5 to about 20:1,preferably from about 1:2 to about 5:1, and especially from about 1:1 toabout 2:1. The total level of artionic and amphoteric surfactants isgenerally about 0.5% to about 30%, preferably from about 5% to about 25%and especially from about 10% to about 20% by weight of the cleansingcomposition. The nonionic or betaine surfactant, on the other hand,preferably constitutes from about 0.1% to about 20%, more preferablyfrom about 0.1% to about 10% and especially from about 1% to about 5% byweight of the composition. The total level of surfactant, inclusive ofanionic, amphoteric, nonionic, betaine and other surfactant components,is preferably from about 0.1% to about 50%, more preferably from about6% to about 30% by weight of composition.

Anionic surfactants suitable for inclusion in the compositions of theinvention can generally be described as mild synthetic detergentsurfactants and include ethoxylated alkyl sulfates, alkyl glyceryl ethersuffonates, methyl acyl taurates, fatty acyl glycinates, N-acylglutamates, acyl isethionates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, alpha-sulfonatedfatty acids, their salts and/or their esters, alkyl phosphate esters,ethoxylated alkyl phosphate esters, acyl sarcosinates and fattyacid/protein condensates, and mixtures thereof. Alkyl and/or acyl chainlengths for these surfactants are C₈ -C₂₂, preferably C₁₀ -C₁₈.

Preferred for use herein from the viewpoint of optimum mildness andlathering characteristics are the salts of sulfuric acid esters of thereaction product of 1 mole of a higher fatty alcohol and from about 1 toabout 12 moles of ethylene oxide, with sodium and magnesium being thepreferred counterions. Particularly preferred are the alkyl sulfatescontaining from about 2 to 4 moles of ethylene oxide, such as sodiumlaureth-2 sulfate, sodium laureth-3 sulfate and magnesium sodiumlaureth-3.6 sulfate. In preferred embodiments, the anionic surfactantcontains at least about 50%, especially at least about 75% by weight ofethoxylated alkyl sulfate.

Preferred compositions for use herein also contain an amphotericsurfactant. Amphoteric surfactants suitable for use in the compositionsof the invention include:

(a) imidazolinium surfactants of formula (II) ##STR1## wherein R₁ is C₇-C₂₂ alkyl or alkenyl, R₂ is hydrogen or CH₂ Z, each Z is independentlyCO₂ M or CH₂ CO₂ M, and M is H, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal,ammonium or alkanolammonium; and/or ammonium derivatives of formula(III) ##STR2## wherein R₁, R₂ and Z are as defined above; (b)aminoalkanoates of formula (IV)

    R.sub.1 NH(CH.sub.2).sub.n CO.sub.2 M

and iminodialkanoates of formula (V)

    R.sub.1 N[(CH.sub.2)mCO.sub.2 M].sub.2

wherein n and m are numbers from 1 to 4, and R₁ and M are independentlyselected from the groups specified above; and

(c) mixtures thereof.

Suitable amphoteric surfactants of type (a) are marketed under the tradename Miranol and are understood to comprise a complex mixture ofspecies. Traditionally, the Miranols have been described as having thegeneral formula II, although the CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary,3rd Edition indicates the non-cyclic structure III. In practice, acomplex mixture of cyclic and non-cyclic species is likely to exist andboth definitions are given here for sake of completeness. Preferred foruse herein, however, are the non-cyclic species.

Examples of suitable amphoteric surfactants of type (a) includecompounds of formula II and/or III in which R₁ is C₈ H₁₇ (especiallyiso-capryl), C₉ H₁₉ and C₁₁ H₂₃ alkyl. Especially preferred are thecompounds in which R₁ is CgH₁₉, Z is CO₂ M and R₂ is H; the compounds inwhich R₁ is C₁₁ H₂₃, Z is CO₂ M and R₂ is CH₂ CO₂ M; and the compoundsin which R₁ is C₁₁ H₂₃, Z is CO₂ M and R₂ is H.

In CTFA nomenclature, materials preferred for use in the presentinvention include cocoamphocarboxypropionate, cocoamphocarboxy propionicacid, and especially cocoamphoacetate and cocoamphodiacetate (otherwisereferred to as cocoamphocarboxyglycinate). Specific commercial productsinclude those sold under the trade names of Empigen CDL60 and CDR 60(Albright & Wilson), Miranoi C2M Conc. N.P., Miranol C2M Conc. O.P.,Miranol C2M SF, Miranol CM Special (Miranol, Inc.); Alkateric 2CIB(Alkaril Chemicals); Amphoterge W-2 (Lonza, Inc. ); Monateric CDX-38,Monateric CSH-32 (Mona Industries); Rewoteric AM-2C (Rewo ChemicalGroup); and Schercotic MS-2 (Scher Chemicals).

It will be understood that a number of commercially-available amphotericsurfactants of this type are manufactured and sold in the form ofelectroneutral complexes with, for example, hydroxide counterions orwith anionic sulfate or sulfonate surfactants, especially those of thesulfated C₈ -C₁₈ alcohol, C₈ -C₁₈ ethoxylated alcohol or C₈ -C₁₈ acylglyceride types. Preferred from the viewpoint of mildness and productstability, however, are compositions which are essentially free of(non-ethoxylated) sulfated alcohol surfactants. Note also that theconcentrations and weight ratios of the amphoteric surfactants are basedherein on the uncomplexed forms of the surfactants, any artionicsurfactant counterions being considered as part of the overall anionicsurfactant component content.

Examples of suitable amphoteric surfactants of type (b) include salts,especially the triethanolammonium salts and salts of N-lauryl-beta-aminopropionic acid and N-lauryl-imino-dipropionic acid. Such materials aresold under the trade name Deriphat by General Mills and Mirataine byMiranol Inc. Amphoterics preferred for use herein, however, are those offormula II and/or Ill.

The compositions of the invention also contain from about 0.5% to about25%, preferably from about 0.5% to about 15%, more preferably from about3% to about 10% of a vegetable oil adduct which preferably has thegeneral formula (I): ##STR3## wherein x, y are integers of from 3 to 9,R₃ and R₄ are independently selected from saturated and unsaturated C₇-C₂₂ hydrocarbyl, each Z₁ is CO₂ M or H with at least one Z₁ being CO₂ Mand wherein M is H, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium oralkanolammonium.

Materials of this kind can generally be described as adducts preparedfrom vegetable oils containing non-conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acidesters which are conjugated and elaidinized then modified by Dies-Alderaddition with a member of the group consisting of acrylic acid, fumaricacid and maleic anhydride. The adducts and their preparation aredescribed in US-A-4740367, the adducts being marketed under the tradename Ceraphyl GA (Van Dyke).

Preferred vegetable oil adducts are those of Formula I prepared fromsoybean oil (x+y=12) and adducts derived by Dies-Alder addition ofvegetable oils with fumaric acid. A preferred method of preparingadducts herein is to react two moles of vegetable oil with one mole ofthe dienophile in the presence of catalytic amounts of iodine, theconjugation and elaidinization agent. This produces a 50:50 blend ofadduct together with disproportionated (conjugated) vegetable oil.

Preferred from the viewpoint of conditioning effectiveness in arinse-off application are compositions in the form of oil-in-wateremulsions wherein the average size of the emulsion droplets is in therange from about 1 to about 150 microns, preferably from about 20 toabout 100 microns, and more preferably from about 30 to about 80 microns(droplet size being measured by, for example, laser diffraction using,e.g. a Malvern Series 2600).

The vegetable oil adduct is used herein in combination with a mildsurfactant system. Suitable mild surfactants include those having aRelative Skin Barrier Penetration Value of less than about 75,preferably less than about 50 and more preferably less than about 40,Relative Skin Barrier Penetration Value being measured according to thetest method set out in EP-A-0203750 (Incorporated herein by reference).Surfactants which have Relative Barrier Penetration Values of greaterthan 75 can be used along with the mild surfactant at low levels in thecompositions of this invention, as long as their use does notsignificantly change the clinical skin mildness of the total cleansingcomposition.

Thus according to another aspect of the invention, there is provided apersonal cleansing composition comprising:

(a) from about 0.1% to about 50% by weight of surfactant or mixture ofsurfactants having a Relative Skin Barrier Penetration Value of lessthan about 75,

(b) from about 0.5% to about 25% by weight of an adduct prepared fromvegetable oils containing non-conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acidesters which are conjugated and elaidinized and then modified viaDies-Alder addition with a member of the group consisting of acrylicacid, fumaric acid and maleic anhydride.

The compositions herein preferably also contain from about 0.1% to about20%, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 10%, and especially fromabout 1% to about 5% of a nonionic or betaine surfactant. Preferredherein from the viewpoint of optimum lathering and mildness are nonionicsurfactants selected from C₁₂ -C₁₄ fatty acid mono- and diethanolamides;alkylpolysaccharides having the general formula (VI)

    RO(C.sub.n H.sub.2n O).sub.t Z.sub.x

where Z is a moiety derived from glucose, fructose or galactose, R is C₈-C₁₈ alkyl or alkenyl, n is 2 or 3, t is from 0 to 10 and x is fromabout I to 10, preferably from about 1.5 to 4; polyhydroxy fatty acidamide surfactants having the general formula (VII) ##STR4## where R₉ isH, C₁ -C₄ hydrocarbyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl or a mixturethereof, R₈ is C₅ -C₃₁ hydrocarbyl and Z₂ is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbylhaving a linear chain with at least 3 hydroxyls directly connected tosaid chain, or an alkoxylated derivative thereof; or a mixture of saidalkyl polysaccharide and amide surfactants.

The preferred alkyl polysaccharides herein are alkylpolyglucosideshaving the formula VI wherein Z is a glucose residue, R is C₈ -C₁₈ alkylor alkenyl, t is from 0 to 10, preferably 0, n is 2 or 3, preferably 2,and x is from about 1.5 to 4. In the above, x and t are understood to beweight average values and saccharide substitution is preferably at the1-position of the saccharide. In general terms, C₁₂ -C₁₄ alkylpolysaccharides are preferred from the viewpoint of lathering and C₈-C₁₀ alkyl polysaccharides from the viewpoint of skin conditioning.

To prepare these compounds, a long chain alcohol (ROH) can be reactedwith glucose, in the presence of an acid catalyst to form the desiredglucoside. Alternatively, the alkylpolyglucosides can be prepared by atwo step procedure in which a short chain alcohol (C₁₋₆) is reacted withglucose or a polyglucoside (x=2 to 4) to yield a short chain alkylglucoside (x=1 to 4) which can in turn be reacted with a longer chainalcohol (ROH) to displace the short chain alcohol and obtain the desiredalkylpolyglucoside. If this two step procedure is used, the short chainalkylglucoside content of the final alkylpolyglucoside material shouldbe less than 50%, preferably less than 10%, more preferably less than5%, most preferably 0% of the alkylpolyglucoside.

The amount of unreacted alcohol (the free fatty alcohol content) in thedesired alkylpolysaccharide surfactant is preferably less than about 2%,more preferably less than about 0.5% by weight of the total of the alkylpolysaccharide plus unreacted alcohol. The amount of alkylmonosaccharideis about 20% to about 70%, preferably 30% to 60%, more preferably 30% to50% by weight of the total of the alkylpolysaccharide.

The preferred polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants are those inwhich R₉ is C₁₋₄ alkyl, preferably methyl, and R₈ is C₇ -C₁₉ alkyl oralkenyl, more preferably straight-chain C₉ -C₁₇ alkyl or alkenyl, ormixture thereof; and Z₂ is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl having a linearhydrocarbyl chain with at least 3 hydroxyls directly connected to thechain, or an alkoxylated derivative (preferably ethoxylated orpropoxylated) thereof, Z₂ preferably will be derived from a reducingsugar in a reductive amination reaction; more preferably Z₂ is aglycityl. Suitable reducing sugars include glucose, fructose, maltose,lactose, galactose, mannose, and xylose. As raw materials, high dextrosecorn syrup, high fructose corn syrup, and high maltose corn syrup can beutilized as well as the individual sugars listed above. These cornsyrups may yield a mix of sugar components for Z₂. It should beunderstood that it is by no means intended to exclude other suitable rawmaterials. Z₂ preferably will be selected from the group consisting of--CH₂ (CHOH)_(n) --CH₂ OH,-- CH(CH₂ OH)-(CHOH)_(n-1) --CH₂ OH, --CH₂ --(CHOH)₂ (CHOR')(CHOH)--CH₂ OH, where n is an integer from 3 to 5,inclusive, and R' is H or a cyclic or aliphatic monosaccharide, andalkoxylated derivatives thereof. Most preferred are glycityls wherein nis 4, particularly --CH₂ -(CHOH)₄ -CH₂ OH.

The most preferred polyhydroxy fatty acid amide has the formula R₈(CO)N(CH₃)CH₂ (CHOH)₄ CH₂ OH wherein R₈ is a C11-C17 straight chainalkyl or alkenyl group.

Betaine surfactants suitable for inclusion in the composition of theinvention include alkyl betaines of the formula R₅ R₆ R₇ N⁺ (CH₂)_(n) M(VII) and amido betaines of the formula (VIII) ##STR5## wherein R₅ isC₁₂ -C₂₂ alkyl or alkenyl, R₆ and R₇ are independently C₁ -C₃ alkyl, Mis H, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium or alkanolammonium,and n, m are each numbers from 1 to 4. Preferred betaines includecocoamidopropyldimethylcarboxymethyl betaine andlaurylamidopropyldimethylcarboxymethyl betaine.

The compositions of the invention preferably also contain from about0.5% to about 6%, preferably from about 1.5% to about 5% by weight ofsaturated acyl fatty acids having a weight average chain length of from10 to 16, preferably from 12 to 14 carbon atoms. Highly preferred ismyristic acid. The fatty acid is valuable both from the viewpoint ofproviding emolliency benefits and also for controlling the viscosity ofthe final composition.

The compositions of the invention preferably also contain a cationic ornonionic polymeric skin or hair conditioning agent at a level from about0.01% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.04% to about 2% andespecially from about 0.05% to about 1%. The polymer is found to bevaluable for enhancing the creaminess and quality of the foam as well asproviding a hair or skin conditioning utility.

Suitable polymers are high molecular weight materials (mass-averagemolecular weight determined, for instance, by light scattering, beinggenerally from about 2,000 to about 3,000,000, preferably from about5,000 to about 1,000,000).

Useful polymers are the cationic, nonionic, amphoteric, and anionicpolymers useful in the cosmetic field. Preferred are cationic andnonionic polymers used in the cosmetic fields as hair or skinconditioning agents.

Representative classes of polymers include cationic and nonionicpolysaccharides; cationic and nonionic homopolymers and copolymersderived from acrylic and/or methacrylic acid; cationic and nonioniccellulose resins; cationic copolymers of dimethyldiallylammoniumchloride and acrylic acid; cationic homopolymers ofdimethyldiallylammonium chloride; cationic polyalkylene andethoxypolyalkylene imines; quaternized silicones, and mixtures thereof.

By way of exemplification, cationic polymers suitable for use hereininclude cationic guar gums such as hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium guargum (d.s. of from 0.11 to 0.22) available commercially under the tradenames Jaguar C-14-S(RTM) and Jaguar C-17(RTM) and also Jaguar C-16(RTM),which contains hydroxypropyl substituents (d.s. of from 0.8-1.1) inaddition to the above-specified cationic groups, and quaternizedcellulose ethers available commercially under the trade names UcarePolymer JR and Celquat. Other suitable cationic polymers arehomopolymers of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride available commerciallyunder the trade name Merquat 100, copolymers of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate and acrylamide, copolymers ofdimethyldiallylammonium chloride and acrylamide, available commerciallyunder the trade names Merquat 550 and Merquat S, quaternized vinylpyrrolidone acrylate or methacrylate copolymers of amino alcoholavailable commercially under the trade name Gafquat, andpolyalkyleneimines such as polyethylenimine and ethoxylatedpolyethylenimine.

Anionic polymers suitable herein include hydrophobically-modifiedcross-linked polymers of acrylic acid having amphipathic properties asmarketed by B F Goodrich under the trade name Pemulen TRI and PemulenTR2; and the carboxyvinyl polymers sold by B F Goodrich under the trademark Carbopol and which consist of polymers of acrylic acid cross-linkedwith polyallyl sucrose or polyallyl pentaeythritol, for example,Carbopol 934, 940 and 950.

The viscosity of the final composition (Brookfield RVT, Spindle 5, 50rpm, 25° C.) is preferably at least about 1,000 cps, more preferablyfrom about 2000 to about 10,000 cps, especially from about 5,000 toabout 7,000 cps. Preferred compositions have non-Newtonian viscositycharacteristics, however, with a viscosity (Brookfield RVT, Helipath,Spindle T-B, 5 rpm, 25° C., I min) in the range of from about 10,000 toabout 40,000 cps, more preferably from about 20,000 to about 30,000 cps.

The cleansing compositions can optionally include a hair or skinmoisturizer. The preferred level of moisturizer is from about 3% toabout 40% by weight. In preferred embodiments, the moisturizer isnonocclusive and is selected from:

1. water-soluble liquid polyols;

2. essential amino acid compounds found naturally occurring in thestratum corneum of the skin; and

3. water-soluble nonpolyol nonocclusives and mixtures thereof.

Some examples of more preferred nonocclusive moisturizers are glycerin.,polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, sorbitol, polyethylene glycol andpropylene glycol ethers of methyl glucose (e.g. methyl glucan-20),polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol ethers of lanolin alcohol (e.g.Solulan-75), sodium pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, lactic acid, urea,L-proline, guanidine, pyrrolidone and mixtures thereof. Of the above,glycerine is highly preferred.

Examples of other moisturizers include water-soluble hexadecyl,myristyl, isodecyl or isopropyl esters of adipic, lactic, oleic,stearic, isostearic, myristic or linoleic acids, as well as many oftheir corresponding alcohol esters (sodium isostearoyl-2-1actylate,sodium capryl lactylate), polyethyleneglycol esters such as PEG (6)caprylic/capryl glycerate (Softigen 767), hydrolyzed protein and othercollagen-derived proteins, aloe vera gel and acetamide MEA.

A further preferred component of the compositions of the invention is awater-soluble Ca²⁺ /Mg²⁺ sequesterant which is preferably added at alevel of from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight to provide latherboosting advantages under hard water usage conditions. Suitablesequesterants include polycarboxylates, amino polycarboxylates,polyphosphates, polyphosphonates and aminopolyphosphonates such asethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid,citric acid, gluconic acid, pyrophosphoric acid, etc. and theirwater-soluble salts.

A number of additional optional materials can be added to the cleansingcompositions. Such materials include proteins and polypeptides andderivatives thereof; water-soluble or solubilizable preservatives suchas DMDM Hydantoin, Germall 115, methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl estersof hydroxybenzoic acid, EDTA, Euxyl (RTM) K400, Bronopol(2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol), sodium benzoate and 2-phenoxyethanol;other moisturizing agents such as hylaronic acid, chitin, andstarch-grafted sodium polyacrylates such as Sanwet (RTM) IM-1000,IM-1500 and IM-2500 available from Celanese Superabsorbent Materials,Portsmith, Va., USA and described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,076,663; solventssuch as hexylene glycol and propylene glycol; low temperature phasemodifiers such as ammonium ion sources (e.g. NH₄ CI); viscosity controlagents such as magnesium sulfate and other electrolytes; colouringagents; pearlescers and opacifiers such as ethylene glycol distearate,TiO₂ and TiO2-coated mica; perfumes and perfume solubilizers etc.Conventional nonionic emollient oils and waxes can be included asadditional skin and hair conditioning agents at levels from about 0.5%to about 20%, preferably from about 0.5% to about 10%, more preferablyfrom about 1% to about 6%. Such materials include, for example,water-insoluble silicones inclusive of non-volative polyalkyl andpolyaryl siloxane gums and fluids, volatile cyclic and linearpolyalkylsiloxanes, polyalkoxylated silicones, amino and quaternaryammonium modified silicones, rigid cross-linked and reinforced siliconesand mixtures thereof, mineral oils, fatty sorbitan esters (see U.S. Pat.No. 3,988,255, Seiden, issued Oct. 26th 1976), lanolin and lanolinderivatives, esters such as isopropyl myristate and triglycerides suchas coconut oil and soybean oil, linoleic and linolenic acids and estersthereof, and dimer and trimer acids and esters thereof, such asdiisopropyl dimerate, diisostearylmalate, diisostearyldimerate andtriisostearyltrimerate. Water is also present at a level of from about45% to about 99% preferably at least about 60% by weight of thecompositions herein.

The pH of the compositions is preferably from about 4 to about 9, morepreferably from about 4.5 to about 8.5, pH being controlled, forexample, using a citrate buffer system.

A preferred method for preparing the composition herein comprises

a) forming an aqueous phase comprising from about 0.1% to about 50% byweight of final composition of surfactant;

b) forming a first oil phase comprising from about 0.5% to about 10% byweight of final composition of nonionic emollient oil or wax other thanthe vegetable oil adduct;

c) forming a second oil phase comprising from about 0.5% to about 25%,preferably from about 0.5% to about 15% by weight of final compositionof the vegetable oil adduct;

d) premixing the first oil phase and the aqueous surfactant phase toform an emulsion of the-first oil phase in water; and

e) thereafter admixing the second oil phase with the oil-in-wateremulsion of step (d), thereby forming an emulsion of the second oilphase in the preformed oil-in-water emulsion of the first oil phase.

The invention is illustrated by the following non-limiting examples.

In the examples, all concentrations are on a 100% active basis and theabbreviations have the following designation:

    ______________________________________                                        Amphoteric 1                                                                           Empigen CDR 60 - an aqueous mixture of 26.5%                                  cocoamphoacetate (the amphoteric of formula I                                 and/or IV in which R.sub.1 is coconut alkyl, R.sub.2 is H,                    and Z is CO.sub.2 Na) and 1.5% cocoamphodiacetate                             (the amphoteric of formula I and/or IV in which                               R.sub.1 is coconut alkyl, R.sub.2 is CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 Na and Z               is                                                                            CO.sub.2 Na).                                                        Amphoteric 2                                                                           Sodium N-lauryl-beta-amino-propionate.                               Anionic  Sodium laureth-3 sulfate                                             APG      Alkylpolysaccharide of formula VI in which R is                               C.sub.8 -C.sub.10 alkyl, t is 0, Z is a glucose residue and x                 is                                                                            about 1.5.                                                           DEA      Coconut diethanolamide                                               MEA      Coconut monoethanolamide                                             Betaine  Cocoamidopropyldimethylcarboxymethyl betaine                         Ceraphyl GA                                                                            Maleated soybean oil marketed by Van Dyke                            Polymer 1                                                                              Merquat 550 - Copolymer of acrylamide and                                     dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride, m.wt. 2.5 ×                          10.sup.6  (8% solution)                                              Polymer 2                                                                              Polymer JR-400 - hydroxyethylcellulose reacted with                           epichlorohydrin and quaternized with trimethylamine,                          m.wt. 4 × 10.sup.6                                             MA       Myristic Acid                                                        Preservative                                                                           DMDM Hydantoin                                                       Pearlescer                                                                             Ethyleneglycoldistearate/emulsifier mixture                          Oil      Soyabean oil                                                         Softigen 767                                                                           PEG(6) caprylic/capryl glycerate                                     ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLES I to VII

The following are personal cleansing compositions in the form of showerfoam products and which are representative of the present invention:

    ______________________________________                                               I     II     III    IV    V    VI   VII                                ______________________________________                                        Amphoteric 1                                                                           7.5     3.0    5.0  5.0   2.5  5.0  5.0                              Amphoteric 2                                                                           --      5.0    3.0  --    5.0  --   --                               Anionic  7.5     9.0    10.0 10.0  7.5  10.0 10.0                             APG      2.5     --     2.0  2.0   --   2.5  2.5                              DEA      3.0     1.0    --   2.0   1.0  3.0  --                               MEA      --      --     --   --    --   --   3.0                              Betaine  --      2.0    2.0  1.0   2.5  2.5  --                               Ceraphyl GA                                                                            5.0     4.0    6.0  6.0   5.0  5.0  5.0                              Polymer 1                                                                              --      0.1    0.2  --    0.1  0.2  --                               Polymer 2                                                                              0.2     0.1    --   0.2   0.1  --   0.2                              Softigen 767                                                                           --      --     --   --    --   2.0  1.0                              MA       4.0     2.0    1.5  1.0    2.0 2.0  2.0                              Oil      --      --     --   --    --   5.0  5.0                              Preservative                                                                           0.15    0.15   0.15 0.15  0.15 0.2  0.2                              Pearlescer                                                                             0.5     --     --   1.0   1.0  2.0  1.0                              Perfume  1.0     1.0    1.0  1.0   1.0  1.0  1.0                                       17                                                                   Glycerine                                                                              --      --     --   --    --   --   3.0                              Water    to 100                                                               ______________________________________                                    

Compositions 1 to 5 are prepared by forming a gel phase A of Polymer 1and/or 2 in water, forming an aqueous phase B containing the remainingwater-soluble, oil-insoluble ingredients, separately forming an oilphase C containing the Ceraphyl GA, MA, DEA and pearlescer, admixingphases A and B and heating to about 65°-70° C., heating phase C to about65°-70° C. and admixing with the main mix of phases A and B, cooling toabout 40°-45° C. and adding preservative, and then cooling to ambienttemperature and adding the perfume. Compositions VI and VII are preparedby forming a surfactant phase A containing a portion of the water, theanionic and amphoteric surfactants and the remaining water-soluble,oil-insoluble ingredients, forming an oil phase B containing the MA,DEA, Softigen and oil, admixing B with A at about 40°-50° C., adding theremaining water, preservative and perfume and cooling to ambienttemperature, and finally admixing the Ceraphyl GA. The average particlesize of the emulsion droplets is about 30 micron. (Malvern Series 2600laser diffraction).

The products provide excellent in-use and efficacy benefits includingcleansing and lathering together with improved mildness and skinconditioning (hydration, suppleness etc.).

What is claimed is:
 1. A personal cleansing composition comprising:(a)from about 3 to 12% by weight of anionic surfactant, (b) from about 3 to12% by weight of amphoteric (c) from about 4% to about 15% by weight ofan adduct prepared from vegetable oils containing non-conjugatedpolyunsaturated fatty acid esters which are conjugated and elaidinizedand then modified via Diels-Alder addition with a member of the groupconsisting of acrylic acid, fumaric acid and maleic anhydride; and (d)water,wherein the anionic surfactant and amphoteric surfactant togethercomprise from about 6% to 24% by weight of the composition, and wherethe weight ratio of anionic surfactant:amphoteric surfactant is in therange from about 4:1 to about 1:4; and wherein the anionic surfactant isselected from the group consisting of ethoxylated alkyl sulfates, alkylglyceryl ether sulfonates, methyl acyl taurates, fatty acyl glycinates,N-acyl glutamates, acyl isethionates, alkyl sulfosuccinates,alpha-sulfonated fatty acids, their salts and/or their esters, alkylphosphate esters, ethoylated alkyl phosphate esters, acyl sarcosinatesand fatty acid/protein condensates, and mixtures thereof, and whereinthe amphoteric surfactant is selected from the group consisting of (a)imidazolinium derivatives of formula (II) ##STR6## wherein R₁ is C₇ -C₂₂alkyl or alkenyl, R₂ is hydrogen or CH₂ Z, each Z is independently CO₂ Mor CH₂ CO₂ M, and M is H, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammoniumor alkanolammonium; and/or ammonium derivatives of formula (III)##STR7## wherein R₁, R₂ and Z are as defined above: (b) aminoalkanoatesof formula (IV)

    R.sub.1 NH(CH.sub.2).sub.n CO.sub.2 m

and iminodialkanoates of formula (V)

    R.sub.1 N[(CH.sub.2).sub.m CO.sub.2 M].sub.2

wherein n and m are numbers from 1 to 4, and R₁ and M are independentlyselected from the groups specified in (a) above; and (c) mixturesthereof; andwherein said composition has a viscosity of from about 1000cps. to about 10,000 cps and an average emulsion droplet size of 20 toabout 100 microns.
 2. A composition according to claim 1 additionallycomprising from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of nonionic surfactantwherein the nonionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting ofalkylpolysaccharides having the general formula RO(C_(n) H_(2n) O)_(t)Z_(x) where Z is a moiety derived from glucose, fructose or galactose, Ris C₈ -C₁₈ alkyl or alkenyl, n is 2 or 3, t is from 0 to 10 and x isfrom 1.5 to 4; polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants having theformula R₈ (CO)N(R₉)Z₂ wherein R₉ is H, C₁ -C₄ hydrocarbyl,2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl or a mixture thereof, R₈ is C₅ -C₃₁hydrocarbyl and Z₂ is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl having a linear chainwith at least 3 hydroxyls directly connected to said chain, or analkoxylated derivative thereof; and mixtures of said alkylpolysaccharide and polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants.
 3. Acomposition in accordance with claim 1 wherein said composition is anemulsion having an average particle size droplet of 30 microns.
 4. Acomposition according to claim 1 wherein the anionic surfactantcomprises an ethoxylated C₈ -C_(b) 22 alkyl sulfate.
 5. A compositionaccording to claim 1 wherein the amphoteric is selected from the groupconsisting of imidazolinium derivatives of formula II, ammoniumderivatives of formula III, and mixtures thereof.
 6. A compositionaccording to claim 1 wherever the weight ratio of anionicsurfactant:amphoteric surfactant is in the range from about 1:1 to about2:1.
 7. A composition according to claim 1 additionally comprising fromabout 0.5% to about 6% by weight of a saturated fatty acid having aweight-average chain length of from 10 to 16 carbon atoms.
 8. Acomposition according to claim 1 additionally comprising from 0.01% to5% of a cationic or nonionic polymeric skin or hair conditioning agentselected from the group consisting of cationic and nonionicpolysaccharides; cationic and nonionic homopolymers and copolymersderived from acrylic and/or methacrylic acid, cationic and nonioniccellulose resins; cationic copolymers of dimethyldiallylammoniumchloride and acrylic acid; cationic homopolymers ofdimethyldiallylammonium chloride; cationic polyalkylene andethoxypolyalkylene imines; quaternized silicones, and mixtures thereof.9. A composition according to claim 6 additionally comprisingmoisturiser selected from the group consisting of glycerin, polyethyleneglycol, propylene glycol, sorbitol, polyethylene glycol andpolypropylene glycol ethers of methyl glucose, polyethylene glycol andpolypropylene glycol ethers of lanolin alcohol, PEG(6) caprylic/caprylglycerate, sodium pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, lactic acid, L-prolineand mixtures thereof.
 10. A composition according to claim 1additionally comprising from 0.1% to about 5% of a water-soluble Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺ sequesterant.
 11. A composition according to claim 1 comprisingfrom about 0.5% to about 20% of an additional nonionic emollient oil orwax.
 12. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the vegetable oiladduct has the formula (I) ##STR8## wherein x, y are integers of from 3to 9, R₃ and R₄ are independently selected from saturated andunsaturated C₇ -C₂₂ hydrocarbyl, each Z₁ being CO₂ M and wherein M is H,alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium or alkalolammonium.